This is a list of the bird species recorded in Japan. The avifauna of Japan include a total of 719 species, of which 17 are endemic, and 30 have been introduced by humans.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2019 edition.
The following tags highlight several categories of occurrence other than regular migrants and non-endemic residents.
- (A) Accidental â€" a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Japan (also called a vagrant)
- (E) Endemic â€" a species endemic to Japan
- (I) Introduced â€" a species introduced to Japan as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Japanese Wild Birds 2 (HD) - Locations: Ibaraki, Tokyo, Chiba, Kanagawa, Iwate Japanese Wild Birds https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIAKQSJPTh4 Music 「æºã‚Œã‚‹å½±ã€ by ãƒã‚»ã‚±ãƒ³ ...
Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
Pheasants, grouse, and allies
Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae
Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.
- Indian peafowl, Pavo cristatus (I)
- Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica
- Chinese bamboo-partridge, Bambusicola thoracicus (I)
- Taiwan bamboo-partridge, Bambusicola sonorivox (I)
- Copper pheasant, Phasianus soemmerringi (E)
- Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus
- Green pheasant, Phasianus colchicus versicolor (E)
- Hazel grouse, Tetrastes bonasia
- Rock ptarmigan, Lagopus muta
Grebes
Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
- Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
- Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
- Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena
- Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus
- Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis
Pigeons and doves
![Common and Iconic Birds of Japan [English / Japanese] | NHBS Field ...](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_sJao1rjrYd0dgIPy5XdLRV1tXORvw64JSZaGJ6pQTHIghARSRT7QRDMWuu4M1j4AqCuAjn0Ov7P6cKph240lCO3FbBDWBeX6NLY-drLMlqFFx0LADJdDl3XNoz2eQYh416KAc-HWVTJ4BUaPwXjuzoW2aherYqMJd8SnJbd8IpVKxgWMOK34MSEx69Wnupz5IGC-gO1SJoC_TkOZfBvfR8_fFbN_NQlTfVQmHOcA=s0-d "Common and Iconic Birds of Japan [English / Japanese] | NHBS Field ...")
Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
- Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
- Stock dove, Columba oenas (A)
- Japanese wood-pigeon, Columba janthina
- Ryūkyū pigeon, Columba jouyi (extinct)
- Bonin pigeon, Columba versicolor (extinct)
- Oriental turtle-dove, Streptopelia orientalis
- Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocta
- Red collared-dove, Streptopelia tranquebarica (A)
- Asian emerald dove, Chalcophaps indica
- White-bellied pigeon, Treron sieboldii
- Whistling green-pigeon, Treron formosae
- Black-chinned fruit-dove, Ptilinopus leclancheri (A)
Sandgrouse
Order: Pterocliformes   Family: Pteroclidae
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.
- Pallas's sandgrouse, Syrrhaptes paradoxus (A)
Bustards
Order: Otidiformes   Family: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.
- Great bustard, Otis tarda (A)
- Little bustard, Tetrax tetrax (A)
Cuckoos
Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.
- Lesser coucal, Centropus bengalensis (A)
- Chestnut-winged cuckoo, Clamator coromandus (A)
- Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopaceus (A)
- Long-tailed koel, Urodynamis taitensis (A)
- Plaintive cuckoo, Cacomantis merulinus (A)
- Large hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx sparverioides (A)
- Northern hawk-cuckoo, Hierococcyx hyperythrus
- Lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus
- Indian cuckoo, Cuculus micropterus (A)
- Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus
- Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus optatus
Nightjars and allies
Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
- Gray nightjar, Caprimulgus jotaka
Swifts
Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
- White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus
- Himalayan swiftlet, Aerodramus brevirostris (A)
- Common swift, Apus apus Rare/Accidental
- Pacific swift, Apus pacificus
- House swift, Apus nipalensis
Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
Cranes
Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
- Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo (A)
- Siberian crane, Leucogeranus leucogeranus (A)
- Sandhill crane, Antigone canadensis (A)
- White-naped crane, Antigone vipio
- Common crane, Grus grus
- Hooded crane, Grus monacha
- Red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis
Stilts and avocets
Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
- Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
- Pied stilt, Himantopus leucocephalus (A)
- Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta (A)
Oystercatchers
Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
- Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus
Plovers and lapwings
Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
Painted-snipes
Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Rostratulidae
Painted-snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly colored.
- Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis
Jacanas
Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
- Pheasant-tailed jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus (A)
Sandpipers and allies
Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
Buttonquails
Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Turnicidae
The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.
- Barred buttonquail, Turnix suscitator
Pratincoles and coursers
Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.
- Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum
Skuas and jaegers
Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
- South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki
- Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
- Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
- Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus
Auks, murres, and puffins
Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Alcidae
Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.
Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
Tropicbirds
Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
- White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (A)
- Red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda
Loons
Order: Gaviiformes   Family: Gaviidae
Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.
- Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata
- Arctic loon, Gavia arctica
- Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica
- Common loon, Gavia immer (A)
- Yellow-billed loon, Gavia adamsii
Albatrosses
Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.
- Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis
- Black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes
- Short-tailed albatross, Phoebastria albatrus
Southern storm-petrels
Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae
The southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
- Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (A)
Northern storm-petrels
Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae
The northern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
- Fork-tailed storm-petrel, Oceanodroma furcata
- Leach's storm-petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa
- Swinhoe's storm-petrel, Oceanodroma monorhis
- Band-rumped storm-petrel, Oceanodroma castro
- Matsudaira's storm-petrel, Oceanodroma matsudairae
- Tristram's storm-petrel, Oceanodroma tristrami
Shearwaters and petrels
Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
Storks
Order: Ciconiiformes   Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
- Black stork, Ciconia nigra (A)
- Oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana
Frigatebirds
Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
- Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel (A)
- Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (A)
Boobies and gannets
Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
- Masked booby, Sula dactylatra
- Nazca booby, Sula granti (A)
- Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
- Red-footed booby, Sula sula
Cormorants and shags
Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colorful.
- Red-faced cormorant, Phalacrocorax urile
- Pelagic cormorant, Phalacrocorax pelagicus
- Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
- Japanese cormorant, Phalacrocorax capillatus
Pelicans
Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
- Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus (A)
- Spot-billed pelican, Pelecanus philippensis (A)
- Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanus crispus (A)
Herons, egrets, and bitterns
Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
- Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (A)
- Black-headed ibis, Threskiornis melanocephalus (A)
- Crested ibis, Nipponia nippon
- Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia
- Black-faced spoonbill, Platalea minor
Osprey
Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
- Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
Barn-owls
Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
- Australasian grass-owl, Tyto longimembris (A)
Owls
Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae
The owlss are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
- Collared scops-owl, Otus lettia (A)
- Japanese scops-owl, Otus semitorques
- Ryūkyū scops-owl, Otus elegans
- Oriental scops-owl, Otus sunia
- Eurasian eagle-owl, Bubo bubo
- Snowy owl, Bubo scandiacus (A)
- Blakiston's fish-owl, Ketupa blakistoni
- Ural owl, Strix uralensis
- Long-eared owl, Asio otus
- Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
- Boreal owl, Aegolius funereus
- Northern boobook, Ninox japonica
Hoopoes
Order: Bucerotiformes   Family: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink coloring with a long crest on their head, the plumage of which sweeps backward at rest but can be flexed to an erect position.
- Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops
Kingfishers
Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
- Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
- Black-backed dwarf-kingfisher, Ceyx erithaca (A)
- Ruddy kingfisher, Halcyon coromanda
- White-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis (A)
- Black-capped kingfisher, Halcyon pileata (A)
- Guam kingfisher, Todirhamphus cinnamominus (extirpated)
- Ryukyu kingfisher, Todiramphus cinnamominus miyakoensis (extinct)
- Collared kingfisher, Todirhamphus chloris (A)
- Crested kingfisher, Megaceryle lugubris
Bee-eaters
Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. They are characterized by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
- Blue-tailed bee-eater, Merops philippinus (A)
- Rainbow bee-eater, Merops ornatus (A)
Rollers
Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colorful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.
- Dollarbird, Eurystomus orientalis
Woodpeckers
Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
- Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
- Eurasian three-toed woodpecker, Picoides tridactylus
- Pygmy woodpecker, Yungipicus kizuki
- Rufous-bellied woodpecker, Dendrocopos hyperythrus (A)
- Okinawa woodpecker, Dendrocopos noguchii (E)
- White-backed woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos
- Amami woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos owstoni (E)
- Great spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos major
- Lesser spotted woodpecker, Dryobates minor
- Japanese woodpecker, Picus awokera (E)
- Gray-headed woodpecker, Picus canus
- White-bellied woodpecker, Dryocopus javensis (A)
- Black woodpecker, Dryocopus martius
Falcons and caracaras
Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
- Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni (A)
- Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
- Amur falcon, Falco amurensis (A)
- Merlin, Falco columbarius
- Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
- Saker falcon, Falco cherrug (A)
- Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus
- Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
Old World parrots
Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8Â cm (3.1Â in) to 1Â m (3.3Â ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
- Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria (I)
- Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri (I)
- Red-breasted Parakeet, Psittacula alexandri (I)
- Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus (I)
Pittas
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pittidae
Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many, but not all, are brightly colored. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates.
- Fairy pitta, Pitta nympha
- Hooded pitta, Pitta sordida (A)
Woodswallows
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Artamidae
The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-colored passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings.
- White-breasted woodswallow, Artamus leucorhynchus (A)
Cuckooshrikes
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Campephagidae
The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly grayish with white and black, although some species are brightly colored.
- Ryūkyū minivet, Pericrocotus tegimae (E)
- Ashy minivet, Pericrocotus divaricatus
- Black-winged cuckooshrike, Lalage melaschistos (A)
Shrikes
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.
- Tiger shrike, Lanius tigrinus
- Bull-headed shrike, Lanius bucephalus
- Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio (A)
- Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus (A)
- Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus
- Long-tailed shrike, Lanius schach (A)
- Northern shrike, Lanius borealis
- Chinese gray shrike, Lanius sphenocercus (A)
Old World orioles
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colorful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.
- Black-naped oriole, Oriolus chinensis
Drongos
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Dicruridae
The drongos are mostly black or dark gray in color, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.
- Black drongo, Dicrurus macrocercus (A)
- Ashy drongo, Dicrurus leucophaeus (A)
- Hair-crested drongo, Dicrurus hottentottus (A)
Monarch flycatchers
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Monarchidae
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by gleaning, hovering or flycatching.
- Black-naped monarch, Hypothymis azurea (A)
- Japanese paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone atrocaudata
Crows, jays, and magpies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
- Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius
- Lidth's jay, Garrulus lidthi (E)
- Azure-winged magpie, Cyanopica cyana
- Oriental magpie, Pica serica
- Eurasian nutcracker, Nucifraga caryocatactes
- Eurasian jackdaw, Corvus monedula (A)
- Daurian jackdaw, Corvus dauuricus
- Rook, Corvus frugilegus
- Carrion crow, Corvus corone
- Large-billed crow, Corvus macrorhynchos
- Common raven, Corvus corax
Bearded reedling
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Panuridae
A single species formerly placed in the Old World babbler family.
- Bearded reedling, Panurus biarmicus (A)
Larks
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
- Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris (A)
- Greater short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla (A)
- Sykes's short-toed lark, Calandrella dukhunensis (A)
- Bimaculated lark, Melanocorypha bimaculata (A)
- Mongolian lark, Melanocorypha mongolica (A)
- Asian short-toed lark, Alaudala cheleensis (A)
- Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis
- Japanese skylark, Alauda arvensis japonica (E)
- Oriental skylark, Alauda gulgula
Swallows
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
- Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor (A)
- Gray-throated martin, Riparia chinensis (A)
- Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
- Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
- Pacific swallow, Hirundo tahitica
- Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
- Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum (A)
- Asian house-martin, Delichon dasypus
Tits, chickadees, and titmice
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
- Coal tit, Periparus ater
- Yellow-bellied tit, Periparus venustulus (A)
- Iriomote tit, Sittiparus olivaceus (E)
- Varied tit, Sittiparus varius
- Owston's tit, Sittiparus owstoni (E)
- Marsh tit, Poecile palustris
- Willow tit, Poecile montanus
- Azure tit, Cyanistes cyanus (A)
- Japanese tit, Parus minor
Penduline-tits
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Remizidae
The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.
- Chinese penduline-tit, Remiz consobrinus
Long-tailed tits
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Aegithalidae
Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.
- Long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus
Nuthatches
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.
- Eurasian nuthatch, Sitta europaea
Treecreepers
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
- Eurasian treecreeper, Certhia familiaris
Wrens
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
- Eurasian wren, Troglodytes troglodytes
Dippers
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia.
- Brown dipper, Cinclus pallasii
Bulbuls
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colorful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.
- Red-whiskered bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus
- Light-vented bulbul, Pycnonotus sinensis
- Black bulbul, Hypsipetes leucocephalus (A)
- Brown-eared bulbul, Hypsipetes amaurotis
Kinglets
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Regulidae
The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.
- Ruby-crowned kinglet, Regulus calendula (A)
- Goldcrest, Regulus regulus
Bush warblers and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Scotocercidae
The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.
- Asian stubtail, Urosphena squameiceps
- Japanese bush warbler, Horornis diphone
- Manchurian bush warbler, Horornis borealis (A)
Leaf warblers
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Phylloscopidae
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.
Reed warblers and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acrocephalidae
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
- Thick-billed warbler, Arundinax aedon (A)
- Booted warbler, Iduna caligata (A)
- Black-browed reed warbler, Acrocephalus bistrigiceps
- Streaked reed warbler, Acrocephalus sorghophilus (A)
- Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (A)
- Paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola (A)
- Manchurian reed warbler, Acrocephalus tangorum (A)
- Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum (A)
- Oriental reed warbler, Acrocephalus orientalis
Grassbirds and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Locustellidae
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
- Sakhalin grasshopper-warbler, Locustella amnicola
- Marsh grassbird, Locustella pryeri
- Pallas's grasshopper-warbler, Locustella certhiola (A)
- Middendorff's grasshopper-warbler, Locustella ochotensis
- Pleske's grasshopper-warbler, Locustella pleskei
- Lanceolated warbler, Locustella lanceolata
- Baikal bush warbler, Locustella davidi (A)
Cisticolas and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cisticolidae
The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or gray appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.
- Plain prinia, Prinia inornata (A)
- Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis
Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
- Lesser whitethroat, Sylvia curruca (A)
- Greater whitethroat, Sylvia communis (A)
White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Zosteropidae
The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull color like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.
- Bonin white-eye, Apalopteron familiare (E)
- Chestnut-flanked white-eye, Zosterops erythropleurus (A)
- Warbling white-eye, Zosterops japonicus
Laughingthrushes and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Leiothrichidae
- Chinese hwamei, Garrulax canorus (I)
- Moustached laughingthrush, Ianthocincla cineracea
- Red-billed leiothrix, Leiothrix lutea (I)
Starlings
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
- Asian glossy starling, Aplonis panayensis (A)
- European starling, Sturnus vulgaris
- Rosy starling, Pastor roseus (A)
- Daurian starling, Agropsar sturninus (A)
- Chestnut-cheeked starling, Agropsar philippensis
- Asian pied starling, Gracupica contra
- White-shouldered starling, Sturnia sinensis
- Red-billed starling, Spodiopsar sericeus (A)
- White-cheeked starling, Spodiopsar cineraceus
- Common myna, Acridotheres tristis
- Bank myna, Acridotheres ginginianus
- Javan myna, Acridotheres javanicus (A)
- Crested myna, Acridotheres cristatellus (I)
Thrushes and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Old World flycatchers
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
Waxwings
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests.
- Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus
- Japanese waxwing, Bombycilla japonica
Weavers and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Ploceidae
Weavers are a group of small passerine birds related to the finches. These are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills, most of which breed in sub-Saharan Africa, with fewer species in tropical Asia. Weavers get their name from the large woven nests many species make. They are gregarious birds which often breed colonially.
- Lesser masked-weaver, Ploceus intermedius (I)
- Northern red bishop, Euplectes franciscanus (I)
Waxbills and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have a wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.
- Orange-cheeked waxbill, Estrilda melpoda (I)
- Black-rumped waxbill, Estrilda troglodytes (I)
- Red avadavat, Amandava amandava (I)
- White-rumped munia, Lonchura striata (I)
- Scaly-breasted munia, Lonchura punctulata (I)
- Tricolored munia, Lonchura malacca
- Chestnut munia, Lonchura atricapilla (I)
- White-headed munia, Lonchura maja
- Java sparrow, Lonchura oryzivora (I)
Indigobirds
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Viduidae
The Viduidae is a family of small passerine birds native to Africa that includes indigobirds and whydahs. All species are brood parasites which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches. Species usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage.
- Pin-tailed whydah, Vidua macroura (I)
- Eastern paradise-whydah, Vidua paradisaea (I)
Accentors
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Prunellidae
The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.
- Alpine accentor, Prunella collaris
- Siberian accentor, Prunella montanella (A)
- Japanese accentor, Prunella rubida
Old World sparrows
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
- House sparrow, Passer domesticus
- Russet sparrow, Passer cinnamomeus
- Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus
Wagtails and pipits
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.
Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
Longspurs and snow buntings
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
- Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus
- Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis
Old World buntings
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.
New World sparrows
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passerellidae
Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
- Fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca (A)
- White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys (A)
- Golden-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla (A)
- Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis (A)
- Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia (A)
New World warblers
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae
The New World warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
- Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas (A)
- Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia (A)
- Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata (A)
- Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla (A)
Tanagers and allies
Order: Passeriformes   Family: Thraupidae
The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar.
- Red-crested cardinal, Paroaria coronata (I)
See also
- Lists of birds by region
- List of animals in Japan
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